Pregnancy-associated osteoporosis is a rare condition, of which the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease are uncertain, and thus its managements are not established. We report a 32-year-old woman who was troubled with lower back pain from her third trimester. Both her bone formation marker and bone resorption marker were increased. The radiological examinations showed eight vertebral fractures and bone mineral density of lumbar spine measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was markedly low. There were no secondary causes of osteoporosis based upon laboratory and radiological assessments. According to these findings, she was diagnosed as pregnancy-associated osteoporosis and was treated with medication, bed rest and back braces. Interestingly, as she underwent treatment, her serum calcium level was changed dynamically and the follow up exam after three months of treatment revealed a solid increase of bone mineral density with pain reduction. Thus, a puerperal woman who suffers from back pain should be considered as possible post-pregnancy osteoporosis in her differential diagnosis. [Korean Journal of Bone Metabolism, 17(1): 49-53, 2010]
